Chitosan bio-adhesives bond strongly with various biological tissues, such as skin, mucosa,
and internal organs. Their adhesive ability arises from amino acid and hydroxyl groups in …

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA), affecting around 240 million people globally is a major threat.
Currently, available drugs only treat the symptoms of OA; they cannot reverse the disease's …

Tissue engineering is theoretically considered a promising approach for repairing
osteochondral defects. Nevertheless, the insufficient osseous support and integration of the …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition characterized by degeneration of the articular
cartilage and subsequent bone hyperplasia. With the increasing prevalence driven by …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit substantial potential for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy
through cartilage regeneration, yet the realization of optimal therapeutic outcomes is …

An effective treatment for the irregular partial-thickness cartilage defect in the early stages of
osteoarthritis (OA) is lacking. Cartilage tissue engineering is effective for treating full …

Stem cell-based regimens have evolved as a promising approach to cartilage reparations.
Research efforts in this realm aim to enhance the therapeutic capabilities of stem cells and …

The treatment and repair of bone tissue damage and loss due to infection, tumours, and
trauma are major challenges in clinical practice. Artificial bone scaffolds offer a safer …

Vanadium is a bioactive trace element with variable valence. Its pentavalent form has been
confirmed to be capable of predominantly regulating the early and mid-stage osteogenic …

Recent years have witnessed a surge in the application of microrobots within the medical
sector, with hydrogel microrobots standing out due to their distinctive advantages. These …