In today Internet era, confidential information transmitted over an insecure channel. With the
significant development in the area of quantum computing, there is a need for unconditional …

Two conditions must be satisfied in a secure quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol:(1)
outside eavesdroppers cannot gain the generated key without introducing any error;(2) the …

Two protocols of quantum key agreement (QKA) that solely use Bell state and Bell
measurement are proposed. The first protocol of QKA proposed here is designed for two …

In many circumstances, a shared key is needed to realize secure communication. Based on
quantum mechanics principles, quantum key agreement (QKA) is a good method to …

The security of classical cryptography based on computational complexity assumptions has
been severely challenged with the rapid development of quantum computers and quantum …

Based on unitary operations and four-qubit cluster states, a two-party and a three-party
quantum key agreement protocols are proposed, respectively, in this paper. The two-party …

A quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol by utilizing a four-photon cluster state is proposed
in this paper. The proposed QKA protocol extends the two-party QKA protocol with four-qubit …

A multi-party semi-quantum key agreement (SQKA) protocol based on delegating quantum
computation (DQC) model is proposed by taking Bell states as quantum resources. In the …

In this paper, we propose a novel secure multi-party quantum summation protocol based on
quantum Fourier transform, where the traveling particles are transmitted in a tree-type mode …

A new two-party quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol is proposed based on four-qubit
cluster states. Encoded four-qubit cluster states can be transmitted directly by means of …