We commonly refer to state estimation theory in geosciences as data assimilation (DA). This
term encompasses the entire sequence of operations that, starting from the observations of a …

Progress within physical oceanography has been concurrent with the increasing
sophistication of tools available for its study. The incorporation of machine learning (ML) …

The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and
systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical ocean and sea-ice …

The rapid Arctic summer sea ice reduction in the last decade has lead to debates in the
maritime industries on the possibility of an increase in cargo transportation in the region …

Essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) and weighted ENO (WENO) schemes were designed for
solving hyperbolic and convection–diffusion equations with possibly discontinuous solutions …

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has been proposed to devise data-driven
parametrizations of unresolved processes in dynamical numerical models. In most cases …

Abstract The glaciers of North Greenland are hosting enough ice to raise sea level by 2.1 m,
and have long considered to be stable. This part of Greenland is buttressed by the last …

Abstract The Norwegian Climate Prediction Model version 1 (NorCPM1) is a new research
tool for performing climate reanalyses and seasonal-to-decadal climate predictions. It …

Climate change, air quality, and environmental degradation are important societal
challenges for the Twenty-first Century. These challenges require an intelligent response …

Climate models project continued Arctic sea ice reductions with nearly ice-free summer
conditions by the mid-21st century. However, how such reductions will realistically enable …