Lichens occur in most terrestrial ecosystems; they are often present as minor contributors,
but in some forests, drylands and tundras they can make up most of the ground layer …

The forest canopy is fundamentally important in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem
function. Cryptogamic epiphytes are dominant tree bole and canopy elements in temperate …

To design effective conservation strategies, the population biology of the target organism
needs to be well understood. In lichens, the population dynamics of the symbiotic organism …

Epiphytic lichens are good ecological indicators of climatic and environmental changes. The
physiology of lichens is related with their morphology and anatomy (traits) and thus the …

Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a symbiotic association of a fungus with a
photosynthetic partner. Although the photobiont type is a key life-history trait, tests of the …

Air pollution and the urban heat island effect are known to directly affect ecosystems in
urban areas. Lichens, which are widely known as good ecological indicators of air quality …

This paper provides an overview of bioclimatic models applied to lichen species, supporting
their potential use in this context as indicators of climate change risk. First, it provides a brief …

Question: What are the responses of epiphytic lichens to the intensity of management along
a large environmental gradient in Mediterranean Quercus forests? Location: Central Spain …

Context Dead wood is a key habitat for saproxylic species, which are often used as
indicators of habitat quality in forests. Understanding how the amount and spatial distribution …

Natural spruce forests are restricted to the highest mountain ranges in the Czech Republic.
Spruce is also the commonest tree species in managed forests. Owing to a massive decline …