Periodontal diseases usually refer to common inflammatory disorders known as gingivitis
and periodontitis, which are caused by a pathogenic microbiota in the subgingival biofilm …

Periodontal diseases (PD) are chronic infectious inflammatory diseases characterized by the
destruction of tooth-supporting structures, being the presence of periodontopathogens …

Periodontal disease (PD), or periodontitis, is defined as a bacterially induced disease of the
tooth‐supporting (periodontal) tissues. It is characterized by inflammation and bone loss; …

Preshaw PM, Taylor JJ. How has research into cytokine interactions and their role in driving
immune responses impacted our understanding of periodontitis? J Clin Periodontol 2011; …

Inflammation and bone loss are hallmarks of periodontal disease (PD). The question is how
the former leads to the latter. Accumulated evidence demonstrates that PD involves …

Both lesions of endodontic origin and periodontal diseases involve the host response to
bacteria and the formation of osteolytic lesions. Important for both is the upregulation of …

Periodontal disease is characterized by both inflammation and bone loss. Advances in
research in both these areas have led to a new appreciation of not only each field but also …

Even though animal models have limitations, they are often superior to in vitro or clinical
studies in addressing mechanistic questions and serve as an essential link between …

The inflammatory oral diseases are characterized by the persistent migration of
polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma and mast cells, and …

Two common diseases–gingivitis and periodontitis–affect the periodontium. Symptoms of
disease entities are used for distinguishing various forms of gingivitis and periodontitis …