Plant defences against insect herbivores can be divided into 'static'or constitutive defences,
and 'active'or induced defences, although the insecticidal compounds or proteins involved …

Insects select their hosts, but trees cannot select which herbivores will feed upon them.
Thus, as long‐lived stationary organisms, conifers must resist the onslaught of varying and …

For the past 40 years, the ecology and evolution of plant secondary metabolites have been
major foci of investigation. We use one class of secondary metabolites, the terpenes, as a …

Plants have to cope with a plethora of biotic stresses such as herbivory and pathogen
attacks throughout their life cycle. The biotic stresses typically trigger rapid emissions of …

Terpenoids are characteristic constitutive and inducible defense chemicals of conifers. The
biochemical regulation of terpene formation, accumulation, and release from conifer needles …

On the basis of physiological and ecological costs of defense allocation, most plant defense
theories predict the occurrence of trade-offs between resource investment in different types …

We conducted a meta‐analysis of 68 studies published between 1982 and 2000 in which
the responses of woody plants to natural or simulated herbivore damage and/or insect …

Pine-feeding bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) interact chemically with their host pines
(Coniferales: Pinaceae) via the behavioral, physiological, and biochemical effects of one …

Stem-boring insects and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are thought to induce similar complex
chemical and anatomical defenses in conifers. To compare insect-and MeJA-induced …

A previously unidentified class of compounds has been isolated from the regurgitant of the
grasshopper species Schistocerca americana. These compounds (named here “caeliferins”) …