Background: The medial sural artery perforator flap is a versatile option in reconstructive
microsurgery. However, most reports of this flap have been limited by sample size. This …

Rather than just another “review,” this is intended to be an “overview” of the entire subject of
the medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap as has been presented in the reconstructive …

Background The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap provides a thin, pliable and
durable soft tissue reconstruction with adequate pedicle length and low donor morbidity. It is …

Background Introduced in clinical practice in 1989, perforator flaps are vital for tissue defect
repair, but they are challenged by distal necrosis. Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) from …

The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is a versatile fasciocutaneous flap, and yet is
less commonly utilized than other free flaps in microvascular reconstructions of the head and …

Background: Reconstructive obstacles in composite head and neck defects are
compounded in reoperated, traumatized, irradiated, and vessel-depleted surgical fields. In …

Background: There is little debate regarding the workhorse flaps for soft-tissue defects in
head and neck reconstruction. However, in certain circumstances, the workhorse flaps are …

Abstract Objective Radial Forearm Free flap (RFFF) is widely used in head and neck
reconstruction, yet its donor site defect remains a significant drawback. The Medial Sural …

This review delves into reconstructive methods for scrotal defects arising from conditions like
Fournier's gangrene, cancer, trauma, or hidradenitis suppurativa. The unique anatomy of the …

Background For tongue reconstruction, the radial forearm flap (RFF) is commonly used. In
the last decade, the medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap has been successfully used …