Universities around the world are incorporating online learning, often relying on videos
(asynchronous multimedia). We systematically reviewed the effects of video on learning in …

Multimedia is ubiquitous in 21st-century education. Cognitive load theory and the cognitive
theory of multimedia learning both postulate that the quality of multimedia design heavily …

Researchers of cognitive load theory and the cognitive theory of multimedia learning have
identified several strategies to optimize instructional materials. In this review article we focus …

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gender and type of multimedia
resource on learning outcomes while controlling for the effect of spatial ability. This study …

For more than three decades, cognitive load theory has been addressing learning from a
cognitive perspective. Based on this instructional theory, design recommendations and …

Current literature mainly focused on one or two multimedia learning principles in traditional
learning environments. Studies on multimedia learning principles in AR and VR …

Studies have shown that learners exposed to interesting and irrelevant information, known
as seductive details, do not perform as much as those who learned without seductive details …

The signaling (or cueing) principle, refers to the finding that multimedia learning materials
become more effective when cues are added that guide learners' attention to the relevant …

Zusammenfassung Dieses Kapitel beleuchtet theoretische Grundlagen unterrichtlichen
Lehrens und Lernens und gibt einen Überblick über wichtige Ergebnisse der …

Body movements such as gestures and facial expressions are an essential part of human
communication. While first results show that body movements of pedagogical agents in …