Over the course of evolution, viruses have developed the ability to modulate a variety of host
cell signalling pathways. Inhibition of apoptosis, in particular, has become recognized as an …

The human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) downregulate the cell
surface expression of CD4. their primary receptor, and of class I histocompatibility complex …

The HIV-1 Nef-mediated downregulation of cell surface MHC-I molecules to the trans-Golgi
network (TGN) enables HIV-1 to escape immune surveillance. However, the cellular …

A highly conserved signaling property of Nef proteins encoded by human or simian
immunodeficiency virus is the binding and activation of a PAK kinase whose function is …

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to its receptor causes rapid phosphorylation of the
clathrin heavy chain at tyrosine 1477, which lies in a domain controlling clathrin assembly …

Gene expression profiling was used to explore the role of Nef in HIV. Nef induces a
transcriptional program in T cells that is 97% identical to that of anti-CD3 T cell activation …

Abstract Major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) proteins are used to display, on the
surface of a cell, peptides derived from foreign material—such as a virus—that is infecting …

The Nef protein is an important virulence factor of primate lentiviruses, yet the mechanisms
by which it exerts this influence are imperfectly understood. Here, using an inducible system …

During HIV/SIV infection, there is widespread programmed cell death in infected and,
perhaps more importantly, uninfected cells. Much of this apoptosis is mediated by Fas–Fas …

The Nef protein of primate lentiviruses is a unique protein that has evolved in several ways
to manipulate the biology of an infected cell to support viral replication, immune evasion …