Neurodevelopment is a complex, dynamic process that involves a precisely orchestrated
sequence of genetic, environmental, biochemical, and physical events. Developmental …

One of the most remarkable differences between classical engineering materials and living
matter is the ability of the latter to grow and remodel in response to diverse stimuli. The …

During development, organisms acquire three-dimensional (3D) shapes with important
physiological consequences. While basic mechanisms underlying morphogenesis are …

Swelling is a volumetric-growth process in which a porous material expands by
spontaneous imbibition of additional pore fluid. Swelling is distinct from other growth …

Biological functions in living systems are closely related to their geometries and
morphologies. Toroidal structures, which widely exist in nature, present interesting features …

Many biological structures exhibit intriguing morphological patterns adapted to
environmental cues, which contribute to their important biological functions and also inspire …

Soft biological tissues often exhibit notable strain stiffening under increasing stretch, and this
can have significant effects on tissue growth and morphological development, such as …

Hox transcription factors play crucial roles in organizing developmental patterning across
metazoa, but how these factors trigger regional morphogenesis has largely remained a …

Spatial patterns are ubiquitous in nature, which have been identified as important factors in
dynamics of ecosystems. However, how pattern structures have influence on persistence of …

Growing layers on elastic substrates are capable of creating a wide variety of surface
morphologies. Moderate growth generates a regular pattern of sinusoidal wrinkles with a …