The risk assessment of chromium in drinking water is complex. To better understand this
complexity, the essential information on exposure, analytical and treatment methods …

Ion exchange is effective for hexavalent chromium removal from drinking water sources, but
non-target anions (ie, arsenic, vanadium, and uranium) that co-occur must be assessed to …

Ion exchange (IX) is a technology for removing hexavalent chromium from water, but waste
brine disposal makes implementation cost prohibitive in many communities. Nanofiltration …

The best available technologies for hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] treatment can be cost
prohibitive and operationally complex. Direct stannous [Sn (II)] chloride application to reduce …

Access to safe drinking water is a basic necessity for human health. Rock and soil are rich
sources of chromium, a metal that is present naturally. Chromium commonly exists in two …

Hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI), is a human carcinogen that occurs in groundwater worldwide.
While not federally regulated in the USA, the State of California has approved a new Cr (VI) …

With increasing interest in using stannous chloride without filtration to achieve hexavalent
chromium maximum contaminant level compliance in California, there is new urgency to …

Abstract Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) reduction using stannous chloride (SnCl2) has
emerged as a possible alternative to chromium treatment technologies such as strong base …

Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] occurs in groundwater and poses potential health concern
when present above 10 μg/L in drinking water. Cr (VI) redox conversion to Cr (III), a less …

Reduction coagulation filtration using ferrous iron (Fe (II)‐RCF), or reduction filtration using
stannous tin (Sn (II)‐RF), for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from drinking …