The effect of membrane transporters on drug disposition, efficacy and safety is now well
recognized. Since the initial publication from the International Transporter Consortium …

The gut microbiota has been linked to the emergence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and
the onset of type 2 diabetes through decreased glucose tolerance and insulin resistance …

Numerous studies have indicated that the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is strictly associated with the accumulation of toxic …

Objective Patients with renal failure suffer from symptoms caused by uraemic toxins,
possibly of gut microbial origin, as deduced from studies in animals. The aim of the study is …

Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the host has attracted considerable attention
owing to its involvement in diverse diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly …

Dysbiosis represents changes in composition and structure of the gut microbiome
community (microbiome), which may dictate the physiological phenotype (health or …

Renal fibrosis is an inevitable outcome of various manifestations of progressive chronic
kidney diseases (CKD). The need for efficacious treatment regimen against renal fibrosis …

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically during the past decades, which has
been a major health problem. Since 1975, the number of people with obesity worldwide has …

Although diet has long been known to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular
disease (CVD), research over the past decade has revealed an unexpected interplay …

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a small colorless amine oxide generated from choline,
betaine, and carnitine by gut microbial metabolism. It accumulates in the tissue of marine …