Abstract The United Nations (UN)'s call for a decade of “ecosystem restoration” was
prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural …

Growing human activity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) is driving increasing
impacts on the biodiversity of this vast area of the ocean. As a result, the United Nations …

The deep ocean is the largest ecosystem on the planet, constituting greater than 90% of all
habitable space. Over three-quarters of countries globally have deep ocean within their …

A minuscule fraction of the deep sea has been scientifically explored and characterized due
to several constraints, including expense, inefficiency, exclusion, and the resulting …

Abstract Microplastics (MPs;< 5 mm) are a macro issue recognised worldwide as a threat to
biodiversity and ecosystems. Widely distributed in marine ecosystems, MPs have already …

Marine biodiversity is a fundamental characteristic of our planet that depends on and
influences climate, water quality, and many ocean state variables. It is also at the core of …

Spatial management of the deep sea is challenging due to limited available data on the
distribution of species and habitats to support decision making. In the well-studied North …

With growing acknowledgement of the need to address disparities in capacities to undertake
open-ocean, deep-ocean, and high-seas scientific research, numerous global initiatives …

Abstract The UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) aims
to tackle several challenges on the path towards more sustainable ocean futures. Its central …

Recent advances in robotic design, autonomy and sensor integration create solutions for the
exploration of deep-sea environments, transferable to the oceans of icy moons. Marine …