Conspectus Self-propulsion at the nanoscale constitutes a challenge due to the need for
overcoming viscous forces and Brownian motion. Inspired by nature, artificial micro-and …

Artificial nanomotors are nanoscale machines capable of converting surrounding other
energy into mechanical motion and thus entering the tissues and cells of organisms. They …

Bio-catalytic micro-and nanomotors self-propel by the enzymatic conversion of substrates
into products. Despite the advances in the field, the fundamental aspects underlying enzyme …

The past decade has seen intriguing reports and heated debates concerning the chemically-
driven enhanced motion of objects ranging from small molecules to millimetre-size synthetic …

Wireless nano‐/micromotors powered by chemical reactions and/or external fields generate
motive forces, perform tasks, and significantly extend short‐range dynamic responses of …

Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are miniaturized machines that can convert many kinds of energy
into mechanical motion. Over the past decades, a variety of driving mechanisms have been …

Conspectus Enzymes are ubiquitous in living systems. Apart from traditional motor proteins,
the function of enzymes was assumed to be confined to the promotion of biochemical …

Biomolecular machines are protein complexes that convert between different forms of free
energy. They are utilized in nature to accomplish many cellular tasks. As isothermal …

Eukaryotic cells face the challenging task of transporting a variety of particles through the
complex intracellular milieu in order to deliver, distribute, and mix the many components that …

Enzymatic catalysis is essential to cell survival. In many instances, enzymes that participate
in reaction cascades have been shown to assemble into metabolons in response to the …