Proteins that self-assemble into polyhedral shell-like structures are useful molecular
containers both in nature and in the laboratory. Here we review efforts to repurpose diverse …

Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification responsible for a multitude of
crucial biological roles. As obligate parasites, viruses exploit host-cell machinery to …

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 28,000,000 infections and 900,000 …

The emergence of the betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), represents a …

The ability for viruses to mutate and evade the human immune system and cause infection,
called viral escape, remains an obstacle to antiviral and vaccine development …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
coronaviruses (CoVs) are zoonotic pathogens with high fatality rates and pandemic …

Saponins are potent and safe vaccine adjuvants, but their mechanisms of action remain
incompletely understood. Here, we explored the properties of several saponin formulations …

Conventional immunization strategies will likely be insufficient for the development of a
broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) vaccine for HIV or other difficult pathogens because of …

Adjuvants are central to the efficacy of subunit vaccines. Aluminum hydroxide (alum) is the
most commonly used vaccine adjuvant, yet its adjuvanticity is often weak and mechanisms …

HIV-1 immunotherapy with a combination of first generation monoclonal antibodies was
largely ineffective in pre-clinical and clinical settings and was therefore abandoned …