Increasing evidence indicates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a
complex disease involving more than airflow obstruction. Airflow obstruction has profound …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term that covers many
clinical subtypes with clearly different pulmonary and extra-pulmonary characteristics, but …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease
associated with various systemic comorbidities including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and its …

COPD and osteoporosis are strongly associated because of common risk factors such as
age, smoking, and inactivity. In addition, COPD-related systemic inflammation, vitamin D …

Context: Testing men at increased risk for osteoporotic fractures has been recommended.
Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the magnitude of association and quality of …

One of the extrapulmonary effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is
osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by a low bone mineral density (BMD) and …

The global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased over
the last decade and has emerged as the third leading cause of death worldwide. It is …

Osteoporosis has recently been recognized as a major comorbidity in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 136 …

Recent epidemiological studies have revealed that osteoporosis is closely associated with
common chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disorders, and …

This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease including the physiological mechanisms that are known precursors. The roles of …