The breeding of threatened species in captivity for release is a central tool in conservation
biology. Given gloomy predictions for biodiversity trends in the Anthropocene, captive …

Conditions fish encounter during embryogenesis and early life history can leave lasting
effects not only on morphology, but also on growth rate, life‐history and behavioural traits …

Structural environmental enrichment, that is, a deliberate addition of physical complexity to
the rearing environment, is sometimes utilized to reduce the expression of the undesirable …

Different kinds of experience during early life can play a significant role in the development
of an animal's behavioural phenotype. In natural contexts, this influences behaviours from …

Fishes are able to detect and perceive the hydrodynamic and physical environment they
inhabit and process this sensory information to guide the resultant behaviour through their …

Most fishes experiencing challenging environments are able to adjust and adapt their
physiology and behaviour to help them cope more effectively. Much of this flexibility is …

Comparative studies on neural plasticity in non-mammalian vertebrates are increasingly
promoted as an important complement to mammalian models. In teleost fishes the number of …

The study of sex differences has produced major insights into the organization of animal
phenotypes and the regulatory mechanisms generating phenotypic variation from similar …

The brain is a trait of central importance for organismal performance and fitness. To date,
evolutionary studies of brain size variation have mainly utilized comparative methods …

In recent years, the issue of fish welfare in various aquaculture systems has garnered
significant attention from animal protection organizations, government departments …