The dentate gyrus (DG) has a key role in hippocampal memory formation. Intriguingly, DG
lesions impair many, but not all, hippocampus-dependent mnemonic functions, indicating …

This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a
behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning …

Tau is a developmentally regulated axonal protein that stabilizes and bundles microtubules
(MTs). Its hyperphosphorylation is thought to cause detachment from MTs and subsequent …

During our daily life, we depend on memories of past experiences to plan future behaviour.
These memories are represented by the activity of specific neuronal groups or 'engrams' …

Learned fear often relapses after extinction, suggesting that extinction training generates a
new memory that coexists with the original fear memory; however, the mechanisms …

Over the past half-century, we have gained significant insights into the molecular biology of
long-term memory storage at the level of the synapse. In recent years, our understanding of …

Memories are believed to be encoded by sparse ensembles of neurons in the brain.
However, it remains unclear whether there is functional heterogeneity within individual …

Animals need to optimize the efficacy of memory retrieval to adapt to environmental
circumstances for survival. The recent development of memory engram labeling technology …

There has been considerable speculation regarding the function of the dentate gyrus (DG)—
a subregion of the mammalian hippocampus—in learning and memory. In this Perspective …

The acquisition of fear associative memory requires brain processes of coordinated neural
activity within the amygdala, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem …