In all vertebrates, the thyroid axis is an endocrine feedback system that affects growth,
differentiation, and reproduction, by sensing and translating central and peripheral signals to …

The biological actions of growth hormone (GH) are pleiotropic, including growth promotion,
energy mobilization, gonadal development, appetite, and social behavior. Accordingly, the …

The goldfish, a member of the carp family, is a widely used model for reproductive
neuroendocrine studies of economically important fish. The two gonadotrophin (GTH) …

In order to evaluate potential interactions between somatotropic and gonadotropic axes in
rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), changes in pituitary content of the specific messenger …

Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly
obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the …

The alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) are a major group of nonionic surfactants.
Biodegradation of these compounds is incomplete during sewage treatment; thus, they are …

Background Many echinoderms form seasonal aggregations prior to spawning. In some
fecund species, a spawning event can lead to population outbreaks with detrimental …

During the transformation from larval tadpole to juvenile frog, there are critical periods of
metamorphic development and sex differentiation that may be particularly sensitive to …

The pituitary of a number of teleosts contains two gonadotropins (GtHs) which are produced
in distinct populations of cells; the β subunit of the GtH I being found in close proximity to the …

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating
polypeptide (PACAP) belong to the same superfamily of regulatory neuropeptides and have …