Integrity constraints play a major role when the logical consistency of a data set has to be
evaluated during quality assurance. The paper reviews established approaches of integrity …

Pictorial symbols capture our imagination. A visual vocabulary-that anyone from any culture,
any country, and in any context of life can understand-is a very interesting research …

This paper develops a method to determine consistenly the integration of spatial integrity
specifications, particularly for the case when two constraints, c1 and c2, are applied between …

Geographical data are the core of any Geographical Information System (GIS) and any
Geographic Information (GI) application. Because of the increasing use of decentrally held …

Geospatial data offered by distributed services are often modeled with different conceptual
schemas although they cover the same thematic area. To ensure interoperability of …

Narrative descriptions about populated places are very common in ethnographies. In old
articles and books on the migration history of Taiwan aborigines, for example, narrative …

Class relations are used whenever the semantics of entire classes are described,
independently of single entities. This chapter focuses on class relations that define …

Class relations are used whenever the semantics of entire classes are described,
independently of single entities. This chapter focuses on class relations that define …

The general fascination of nature has always been a major driver for studies on living animal
and plant species. A large number of professionals and especially volunteers are organized …

As part of the quality description of a spatial data set logical consistency is very important to
support interoperability between different systems. Logical consistency specifies “the degree …