Research has elucidated causal links between stress exposure and the development of
anxiety disorders, but due to the limited use of female or sex-comparative animal models …

Early life stress has been shown to exert profound short-and long-term effects on human
physiology both in the central nervous system and peripherally. Early life stress has …

Maladaptive responses to stress adversely affect human behavior, yet the signaling
mechanisms underlying stress-responsive behaviors remain poorly understood. Using a …

The median (MR) and dorsal raphe (DR) nuclei contain the majority of the 5-
hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) neurons that project to limbic forebrain regions, are …

Identifying the factors contributing to the etiology of anxiety and depression is critical for the
development of more efficacious therapies. Serotonin (5-HT) is intimately linked to both …

Exposure to traumatic events can increase the risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) as
well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and pharmacological treatments for these …

Our dynamic environment regularly exposes us to potentially life-threatening challenges or
stressors. To answer these challenges and maintain homeostasis, the stress response, an …

Neural plasticity plays a critical role in mediating short‐and long‐term brain responses to
environmental stimuli. A major effector of plasticity throughout many regions of the brain is …

Addiction and stress are linked at multiple levels. Drug abuse is often initiated as a
maladaptive mechanism for co** with stress. It is maintained in part by negative …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devastating disease affecting over 300 million people
worldwide, and costing an estimated 380 billion Euros in lost productivity and health care in …