Parthenogenesis has been documented in almost every phylum of animals, and yet this
phenomenon is largely understudied. It has particular importance in dipterans since some …

Recapitulation is a hypothetical concept that assumes embryogenesis of an animal parallels
its own phylogenetic history, sequentially develo** from more ancestral features to more …

Evolution without sex is predicted to impact genomes in numerous ways. Case studies of
individual parthenogenetic animals have reported peculiar genomic features that were …

The terminal electron acceptor of most aerobic respiratory chains, cytochrome c oxidase
(COX), has been highly conserved throughout evolution, from aerobic prokaryotes to …

Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), including Heterorhabditis and Steinernema,
are parasitic to insects and contain mutualistically symbiotic bacteria in their intestines …

Most animal species reproduce sexually and fully parthenogenetic lineages are usually
short lived in evolution. Still, parthenogenesis may be advantageous as it avoids the cost of …

The phylum Nematoda harbors a huge diversity of species in a broad range of ecosystems
and habitats. Nematodes share a largely conserved Bauplan but major differences have …

Hox genes are central to metazoan body plan formation, patterning and evolution, playing a
critical role in cell fate decisions early in embryonic development in invertebrates and …

Developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) underpin metazoan embryogenesis and
have undergone substantial modification to generate the tremendous variety of animal forms …

Abstract Background The phylum Nematoda is incredibly diverse and includes many
parasites of humans, livestock, and plants. Peptide-activated G protein-coupled receptors …