This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse
class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in …

Emotion plays a crucial role, both in general human experience and in psychiatric illnesses.
Despite the importance of emotion, the relative lack of objective methodologies to …

Dopamine (DA) is a central monoamine neurotransmitter involved in many physiological
and pathological processes. A longstanding yet largely unmet goal is to measure DA …

Drosophila melanogaster has a rich repertoire of innate and learned behaviors. Its 100,000-
neuron brain is a large but tractable target for comprehensive neural circuit map**. Only …

Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-
level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body …

We identified the neurons comprising the Drosophila mushroom body (MB), an associative
center in invertebrate brains, and provide a comprehensive map describing their potential …

The view that sleep is essential for survival is supported by the ubiquity of this behavior, the
apparent existence of sleep-like states in the earliest animals, and the fact that severe sleep …

Animals discriminate stimuli, learn their predictive value and use this knowledge to modify
their behavior. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB) plays a key role in these processes …

Understanding memory formation, storage and retrieval requires knowledge of the
underlying neuronal circuits. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB) is the major site of …

Learned and adaptive behaviors rely on neural circuits that flexibly couple the same sensory
input to alternative output pathways. Here, we show that the Drosophila mushroom body …