With the increase in world population, the demography of humans is estimated to be
exceeded and it has become a major challenge to provide an adequate amount of food …

The rhizosphere is undoubtedly the most complex microhabitat, comprised of an integrated
network of plant roots, soil, and a diverse consortium of bacteria, fungi, eukaryotes, and …

Plant-microbe interactions have been the subject of several biotechnological studies,
seeking sustainable development and environmental conservation. The inoculation of plant …

Environmental contamination with heavy metals is one of the major problems caused by
human activity. Bioremediation is an effective and eco-friendly approach that can reduce …

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial soil microorganisms that can
stimulate plant growth and increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some PGPR are …

Soil salinity, a growing issue worldwide, is a detrimental consequence of the ever-changing
climate, which has highlighted and worsened the conditions associated with damaged soil …

Climate change and global warming have increased the frequency of extreme heat stress
events that severely affect plant production. Photosynthesis is an intricate heat-sensitive …

Environmental (abiotic) stresses significantly threaten the worldwide crop production and
food security. Rapid, drastic changes in the global climate have exacerbated such stresses …

Agriculture is the best foundation for human livelihoods, and, in this respect, crop production
has been forced to adopt sustainable farming practices. However, soil salinity severely …

High food demand for the world's teeming population necessitates the intensification of crop
production in modern agriculture, which requires the extensive use of synthetic fertilizers for …