Water management is paramount in countries with water scarcity. This also affects
agriculture, as a large amount of water is dedicated to that use. The possible consequences …

Drought is one of the most difficult natural hazards to quantify and is divided into categories
(meteorological, agricultural, ecological and hydrological), which makes assessing recent …

Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4-
11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …

This study reviews soil water balance (SWB) model approaches to determine crop irrigation
requirements and scheduling irrigation adopting the FAO56 method. The K c-ET o approach …

Reference evapotranspiration (ET o) is a variable of great importance for several purposes,
such as hydrological studies and irrigation scheduling. The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (FAO …

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the water cycle and agricultural water
balance. Estimation of water consumption over agricultural areas is important for agricultural …

This study reviews the abundant research on FAO56 crop coefficients, published following
introduction of the FAO56 paper in 1998. The primary goal was to evaluate, update, and …

This review examines the role of the atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) in drought.
AED is a complex concept and here we discuss possible AED definitions, the subsequent …

The climate of Iraq is of the subtropical semi-dry type; however, the country was rich in water
resources until a few decades ago. Climate change and the construction of many dams on …

Agriculture is the largest user of freshwater which is essential for food production. Water,
energy and food are closely intertwined, as both water and energy are critical inputs for food …