Neutrophils have always been considered as uncomplicated front-line troopers of the innate
immune system equipped with limited proinflammatory duties. Yet recently, the role of the …

Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH
(reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive intermediates of molecular oxygen that act as
important second messengers within the cells; however, an imbalance between generation …

The statins have been used for 30 years to prevent coronary artery disease and stroke. Their
primary mechanism of action is the lowering of serum cholesterol through inhibiting hepatic …

Atherosclerosis, formerly considered a bland lipid storage disease, actually involves an
ongoing inflammatory response. Recent advances in basic science have established a …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized medical oncology, although currently only
a subset of patients has a response to such treatment. A compelling body of evidence …

Endothelial dysfunction is a systemic disorder and a key variable in the pathogenesis of
atherosclerosis and its complications. Current evidence suggests that endothelial status is …

PART I THE ENDOTHELIUM has long been viewed as an inert cellophane-like membrane
that lines the circulatory system with its primary essential function being the maintenance of …

Sickle-cell disease is one of the most common severe monogenic disorders in the world.
Haemoglobin polymerisation, leading to erythrocyte rigidity and vaso-occlusion, is central to …

Inflammation is usually analysed from the perspective of tissue-infiltrating leukocytes.
Microvascular endothelial cells at a site of inflammation are both active participants in and …