BACKGROUND Optical vortices provide one of the promising solutions for enhancing the
capacity of data multiplexing to meet an unprecedented growth in big data and internet traffic …

As an indispensable complement to an integer vortex beam, the fractional vortex beam has
unique physical properties such as radially notched intensity distribution, complex phase …

Metasurface holography has the advantage of realizing complex wavefront modulation by
thin layers together with the progressive technique of computer-generated holographic …

" This engagingly written text provides a useful pedagogical introduction to an extensive
class of geometrical phenomena in the optics of polarization and phase, including simple …

Interest in the multiple facets of optical vortices has flourished in the last three decades. This
review examines the basic research and applications of the interplay between optical …

Entangled quantum states are not separable, regardless of the spatial separation of their
components. This is a manifestation of an aspect of quantum mechanics known as quantum …

Entangled photon pairs are a critical resource in quantum communication protocols ranging
from quantum key distribution to teleportation. The current workhorse technique for …

The orbital angular momentum of light represents a fundamentally new optical degree of
freedom. Unlike linear momentum, or spin angular momentum, which is associated with the …

Some 16 years ago, Allen et al.[Phys. Rev. A 45, 8185 (1992)] recognised that laser beams
which carried an angular momentum additional to photon spin, could be realized in the …

Spin angular momentum of photons and the associated polarization of light has been known
for many years. However, it is only over the last decade or so that physically realizable …