In the past 15 years, B cells have been rediscovered to be not merely bystanders but rather
active participants in autoimmune aetiology. This has been fuelled in part by the clinical …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune …

Whereas the study of the interactions between the immune system and the central nervous
system (CNS) has often focused on pathological conditions, the importance of neuroimmune …

Induced tolerogenic dendritic cells are a powerful immunotherapy for autoimmune disease
that have shown promise in laboratory models of disease and early clinical trials. In contrast …

B cells are essential components of the adaptive immune system and have important roles
in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Besides producing …

For over 35 years, immunologists have divided T-helper (TH) cells into functional subsets. T-
helper type 1 (TH1) cells—long thought to mediate tissue damage—might be involved in the …

With new knowledge gained from molecular biology and hybridoma technology, as well as
the original Witebsky postulates, we propose that three types of evidence can be marshalled …

A complementary DNA (cDNA) for ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L3 was
cloned from human B cells. The cDNA encodes a protein of 230 amino acids with a …

Discrimination between foreign and self antigens is necessary for normal immune function.
Whereas exposure to foreign antigens can lead to their elimination and subsequent specific …

Neuroimmunologists seek to understand the interactions between the central nervous
system (CNS) and the immune system, both under homeostatic conditions and in diseases …