Phages differ substantially in the bacterial hosts that they infect. Their host range is
determined by the specific structures that they use to target bacterial cells. Tailed phages …

Bacteria have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to harm and kill their competitors,
including chemical, mechanical and biological weapons. Here we review the incredible …

Xanthomonas spp. encompass a wide range of plant pathogens that use numerous
virulence factors for pathogenicity and fitness in plant hosts. In this Review, we examine …

The aerial parts of plants are host to taxonomically structured bacterial communities.
Members of the core phyllosphere microbiota can protect Arabidopsis thaliana against foliar …

Microbes are typically surrounded by different strains and species with whom they compete
for scarce nutrients and limited space. Given such challenging living conditions, microbes …

Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms.
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous …

Bacteria have evolved a remarkable array of sophisticated nanomachines to export various
virulence factors across the bacterial cell envelope. In recent years, considerable progress …

The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a protein nanomachine that is widespread in Gram-
negative bacteria and is used to translocate effector proteins directly into neighbouring cells …

BACKGROUND Microbial communities are ubiquitous on Earth. The microbiota of different
habitats are diverse and have distinct functional traits, but there are common ecological …

Bacteria utilise specialised protein secretion systems to interact with host organisms,
competitor bacteria, and the environment. The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a versatile …