Brain–computer interfaces are used for direct two-way communication between the human
brain and the computer. Brain signals contain valuable information about the mental state …

Study design Systematic review of the literature. Objectives In recent years, brain-computer
interface (BCI) has emerged as a potential treatment for patients with spinal cord injury …

Feature adaptation plays crucial roles in the calibration process of motor imagery brain
computer interfaces (MI-BCIs). Due to the temporal varying and spatial coupling …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) imposes profound physical, psychological, and
socioeconomic burdens on individuals, families, communities, and society as a whole, but …

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionizing human-computer interaction, which has
potential applications for specific individuals or groups in specific scenarios. Extensive …

Neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, and spinal cord injury can pose
significant threats to human mortality, morbidity, and functional independence. Brain …

Hybrid brain-computer interface (hBCI) systems that combine steady-state visual evoked
potential (SSVEP) and surface electromyography (sEMG) signals have attracted attention of …

The prospect of direct interaction between the brain and computers has been investigated in
recent decades, revealing several potential applications. One of these is sight restoration in …

The brain–computer interface (BCI) is one of the most powerful tools in neuroscience and
generally includes a recording system, a processor system, and a stimulation system …

Abstract Machine consciousness (MC) is the ultimate challenge to artificial intelligence.
Although great progress has been made in artificial intelligence and robotics, consciousness …