Bipolar disorders (BDs) are recurrent and sometimes chronic disorders of mood that affect
around 2% of the world's population and encompass a spectrum between severe elevated …

Objectives: To provide guidance for the management of mood disorders, based on scientific
evidence supplemented by expert clinical consensus and formulate recommendations to …

Mounting evidence suggests that acute and chronic stress, especially the stress-induced
release of glucocorticoids, induces changes in glutamate neurotransmission in the prefrontal …

Background Lithium is a widely used and effective treatment for mood disorders. There has
been concern about its safety but no adequate synthesis of the evidence for adverse effects …

Objectives Suicide and suicidal behaviour are increased in mood disorders, particularly
bipolar disorders. Observational studies and small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Objectives. These guidelines are based on a first edition that was published in 2004, and
have been edited and updated with the available scientific evidence up to October 2012 …

Background Antidepressants are used to treat acute depression in patients with bipolar I
disorder, but their effect as maintenance treatment after the remission of depression has not …

Abstract We searched Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL from inception until 22 May 2020 to
investigate which antipsychotics and/or mood stabilizers are better for patients with bipolar …

Objectives: Via an international panel of experts, this paper attempts to document, review,
interpret, and propose operational definitions used to describe the course of bipolar …

Bipolar disorder, one of the most distinct syndromes in psychiatry, has been described in
numerous cultures throughout history. The unique hallmark of the illness is mania, which is …