Copper is an essential trace element in biological systems, maintaining the activity of
enzymes and the function of transcription factors. However, at high concentrations, copper …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating condition that is reaching epidemic levels
owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, as well …

The concept of cell death has been expanded beyond apoptosis and necrosis to additional
forms, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. These cell death …

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that results in lysosome-
mediated recycling of organelles and protein aggregates, as well as the destruction of …

Tumor Associated Neutrophils (TANs) are engaged into the tumor microenvironment by
cytokines and chemokines, can be distinguished according to their activation and cytokine …

Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process that occurs under several stressful
conditions, including organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, and nutrient …

Autophagy is a conserved method of quality control in which cytoplasmic contents are
degraded via lysosomes. Lipophagy, a form of selective autophagy and a novel type of lipid …

Exosomes are nanosized membrane vesicles released by fusion of an organelle of the
endocytic pathway, the multivesicular body, with the plasma membrane. This process was …

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle released from cells after fusion of multivesicular
bodies with the plasma membrane. These vesicles are often enriched in cholesterol, SM …

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the
immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical …