What is the likelihood that humans will ever determine if other animals engage in higher-
order thinking? In examining what has happened in the twenty years since the publication of …

Innovative problem solving is considered a hallmark measure of behavioral flexibility as it
describes behavior by which an animal manipulates its environment in a novel way to reach …

Cooperation is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom as it aims to maximize benefits through
joint action. Selection, however, may also favor competitive behaviors that could violate …

Although the well-being of elephants in captivity is of paramount importance, the
confinement of these long-lived, highly intelligent, and socially complex animals continues to …

Animal personality has been shown to predict many behavioral responses across taxa, but
the relationship between personality and performance on cognitive tasks remains unclear …

Summary Since Jane Goodall's famous observations of stick tool use by chimpanzees, 1
animal tool use has been observed in numerous species, including many primates …

We are said to experience insight when we suddenly and unexpectedly become aware of
the solution to a problem that we previously took ourselves to be unable to solve. In the field …

Despite popular culture's promotion of the elephant's ability to “never forget,” there is
remarkably limited empirical research on the memory capacities of any living elephant …

Povinelli (2000) published a series of careful studies probing chimpanzees' understanding
of physical causality in the book,“Folk Physics for Apes: The Chimpanzee's theory of how the …

Behavioral flexibility has been receiving attention in studies of cognition and behavior in
animals (reviewed in Lefebvre 2017; Lea et al. 2020; Strier 2017). In the studies of …