Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is commonly caused by vascular
injuries in cerebral large and small vessels and is a key driver of age-related cognitive …

The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During
wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while …

We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which circulates
cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid around the brain, facilitating solute transport. Models …

In the past decade, evidence for a fluid clearance pathway in the central nervous system
known as the glymphatic system has grown. According to the glymphatic system concept …

Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including
clearance of excess fluid and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is the analog of the …

The glymphatic concept along with the discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels have, in
recent years, highlighted that fluid is directionally transported within the central nervous …

Perivascular spaces include a variety of passageways around arterioles, capillaries and
venules in the brain, along which a range of substances can move. Although perivascular …

Background The glymphatic (glial-lymphatic) pathway is a fluid-clearance pathway identified
in the rodent brain in 2012. This pathway subserves the flow of CSF into the brain along …

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Approximately 10% of dementia patients have idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
(iNPH), an expansion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled brain ventricles. iNPH and …