Iron is a micronutrient essential for cellular energy and metabolism, necessary for
maintaining body homoeostasis. Iron deficiency is an important co-morbidity in patients with …

Hypoalbuminemia is common in patients with heart failure, and this condition becomes more
prevalent with increasing age and illness. Hypoalbuminemia is thought to result mainly from …

Volume regulation, assessment, and management remain basic issues in patients with heart
failure. The discussion presented here is directed at opening a reassessment of the …

Objectives: The aim of this study was to comprehensively delineate iron metabolism and its
implications in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Background: Iron deficiency is an …

Background Iron deficiency (ID) and anaemia are common in heart failure (HF). The
prospective, observational PReP registry (Prävalenz des Eisenmangels bei Patienten mit …

One-third of all patients with heart failure have anemia, and its presence is associated with
more symptoms, increased rates of hospitalization, and increased mortality. The etiology of …

Aims Plasma volume (PV) expansion hallmarks worsening chronic heart failure (CHF) but
no non‐invasive means of quantifying volume status exists. Because weight and …

In practice, clinicians generally consider anemia (circulating hemoglobin concentration< 120
gl− 1 in non-pregnant females and< 130 gl− 1 in males) as due to impaired hemoglobin …

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is underrecognized and remains underestimated as a public
health challenge. This condition is associated with a poor prognosis and has been …

Aims To investigate whether chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with a general
dysfunction of the haematopoietic compartment. Methods and results Bone marrow was …