This review article delves into the details of the 3R-Refinement principles as a vital
framework for ethically sound rodent research laboratory. It highlights the core objective of …

Echocardiography is a reliable and non-invasive method for assessing cardiac structure and
function in both clinical and experimental settings, offering valuable insights into disease …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant global public health epidemic with adverse
health and cost implications. Due to its complex, heterogeneous nature and wide-ranging …

Abstract Background The inducible Kras/p53 lung adenocarcinoma mouse model, which
faithfully recapitulates human disease, is routinely initiated by the intratracheal instillation of …

Designing and carrying out a controlled human infection (CHI) model for hepatitis C virus
(HCV) is critical for vaccine development. However, key considerations for a CHI model …

Background Chronic wound infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis pose formidable
challenges in clinical management, exacerbated by the emergence of vancomycin-resistant …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive
loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity …

Simple Summary This article provides a review of recent studies that explore the application
of the 3Rs in experimental animal models of liver disease, comparing different models for a …

Opioid addiction causes some molecular alterations in the brain reward pathway, such as
changes in gene expression that may be transferred to the next generation via epigenetic …

Hyperuricemia during hypertension is associated with aberrant vascular functions and
increased oxidative stress, which affects endothelial dysfunction. Nevertheless, the …