Background. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) attacks are poorly controlled by steroids and
evolve in stepwise neurological impairments. Assuming the strong humoral response …

Autoimmune neurological disorders are commonly treated with immunosuppressive therapy.
In patients with refractory conditions, standard immunosuppression is often insufficient for …

Background Plasma exchange (PE) is increasingly undertaken in diseases involving
humoral factors and is proven to be beneficial in acute demyelinating diseases. Spinal …

The natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly heterogeneous. A subgroup of
patients has what might be termed aggressive MS. These patients may have frequent …

Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is a central nervous system demyelinating event isolated
in time that is compatible with the possible future development of multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Background Plasma exchange (PE) and immunoadsorption (IA) are alternative treatments of
steroid‐refractory relapses of multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO) …

Optic neuritis could lead to severe visual impairment despite corticosteroids. Our aim was to
evaluate the rate of visual improvement in patients treated with plasma exchange (PLEX) for …

Plasma exchange (PE) is used for blood purification to modulate proteins involved in
pathological processes. As the number of patients receiving PE treatment and the …

The limited efficacy of glucocorticoids (GCs) during therapy of acute relapses in multiple
sclerosis (MS) leads to long-term disability. We investigated the potential of vitamin D (VD) to …

Background In multiple sclerosis relapses refractory to intravenous corticosteroid therapy,
plasma exchange is recommended. Immunoadsorption (IA) is regarded as an alternative …