Animals and plants are metaorganisms and associate with microbes that affect their
physiology, stress tolerance, and fitness. Here the hypothesis that alteration of the …

Coral reef ecosystems thrive in tropical oligotrophic oceans because of the relationship
between corals and endosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae called Symbiodinium …

The genetic enhancement of wild animals and plants for characteristics that benefit human
populations has been practiced for thousands of years, resulting in impressive …

Since the early 1980s, episodes of coral reef bleaching and mortality, due primarily to
climate-induced ocean warming, have occurred almost annually in one or more of the …

Mutualistic organisms can be particularly susceptible to climate change stress, as their
survivorship is often limited by the most vulnerable partner. However, symbiotic plasticity can …

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide has resulted in scientific projections of changes in global
temperatures, climate in general, and surface seawater chemistry. Although the …

Reef-building corals possess a range of acclimatisation and adaptation mechanisms to
respond to seawater temperature increases. In some corals, thermal tolerance increases …

Zooxanthellate corals (ie those harbouring Symbiodinium) are the main builders of the
world's shallow‐water marine coral reefs. They represent intimate diverse symbioses …

Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae occupy multiple ecological niches on tropical,
subtropical, and temperate reefs, ranging from species that are exclusively free-living to …

The symbiosis between reef-building corals and their algal endosymbionts (zooxanthellae of
the genus Symbiodinium) is highly sensitive to temperature stress, which makes coral reefs …