An emerging strategy for synthesizing nanoclusters and nanoparticles involves the
confinement of particle precursors within small volumes and the subsequent reduction and …

Metal–organic framework (MOF) materials, which are constructed from metal ions or metal
ion clusters and bridging organic linkers, exhibit regular crystalline lattices with relatively …

Wetting behaviors of structured metal surfaces have received considerable attention due to
the wide range of applications for commercial, industrial, and military uses as well as …

Nanoscience includes the study of objects and systems in which at least one dimension is 1-
100 nm. The objects studied in this range of sizes are larger than atoms and small …

In the most general sense, biomineralization is a process by which organisms produce
materials solutions for their own functional requirements. Because so many biomineral …

Living organisms are well known for building a wide range of specially designed organic–
inorganic hybrid materials such as bone, teeth, and shells, which are highly sophisticated in …

Polar and charged amino acids (AAs) are heavily expressed in non-collagenous proteins
(NCPs), and are involved in hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization in bone. Here, we review …

The unique and frequently beautiful morphologies that characterize many biominerals have
long been a source of fascination. While research began by looking first at individual …

Mineral-based bulk structural materials (MBSMs) are known for their long history and
extensive range of usage. The inherent brittleness of minerals poses a major problem to the …

This paper describes a simple, versatile method of generating gradients in composition in
solution or on surfaces using microfluidic systems. This method is based on controlled …