Understanding of secular evolution of the Earth system is based largely on the rock and
mineral archive preserved in the continental lithosphere. Based on the frequency and range …

Mineral–microbe interactions play important roles in environmental change, biogeochemical
cycling of elements and formation of ore deposits. Minerals provide both beneficial (physical …

Construction and assembly of the Geologic Time Scale involves:(a) constructing a relative
(chronostratigraphic) standard scale for key periods in the Earth's rock record;(b) identifying …

To aid conceptual targeting, the past two decades have seen the emergence of the mineral
systems concept, whereby ore deposits are viewed as small-scale expressions of a range of …

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Fourth Edition discusses key topics dealing with the
evolution and interaction through time of Earth's crust, mantle, core, atmosphere …

Phosphorus (P) is central to storing and exchange of energy and information in cells
including those of microalgae. The overwhelming majority of microalgae are naturally …

Phosphorus is the central ingredient in fertilizer that allows modern agriculture to feed the
world's population. This element, also critical in a host of industrial applications, is a …

During the Lomagundi Event, ca. 2.22 to 2.06 Ga, marine carbonates recorded the largest
and longest uninterrupted positive carbon isotope excursion, the earliest extensive marine …

Earth's middle age, extending from 1.7 to 0.75 Ga, was characterized by environmental,
evolutionary, and lithospheric stability that contrasts with the dramatic changes in preceding …

The Ediacaran Period (635 to 541 Ma) marks the global transition to a more productive
biosphere, evidenced by increased availability of food and oxidants, the appearance of …