Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. In spite of considerable advances in understanding the neural underpinnings of …

A number of methods have been developed recently that stimulate the human brain non‐
invasively through the intact scalp. The most common are transcranial magnetic stimulation …

Recognizing that electrically stimulating the motor cortex could relieve chronic pain sparked
development of noninvasive technologies. In transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) …

Numerical simulation of electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical responses of the human
body to different stimuli in magnetic resonance imaging safety, antenna research …

Background Animal fear conditioning studies have illuminated neuronal mechanisms of
learned associations between sensory stimuli and fear responses. In rats, brief electrical …

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a tool that can be used to administer
treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, although the …

A formal definition of brain-computer interface (BCI) is as follows: a system that acquires
brain signal activity and translates it into an output that can replace, restore, enhance …

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during aging is often a harbinger of Alzheimer's disease,
and, therefore, early intervention to preserve cognitive abilities before the MCI symptoms …

Magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive neurostimulation technique that can evoke action
potentials and modulate neural circuits through induced electric fields. Biophysical models …

Our brain is not a" stand alone" information processing organ: it acts as a central part of our
integral nervous system with recurrent information exchange with the entire organism and …