The ability to control cell volume is pivotal for cell function. Cell volume perturbation elicits a
wide array of signaling events, leading to protective (eg, cytoskeletal rearrangement) and …

Daily dietary potassium (K+) intake may be as large as the extracellular K+ pool. To avoid
acute hyperkalemia, rapid removal of K+ from the extracellular space is essential. This is …

WNK1 [with no lysine (K)] is a serine-threonine kinase associated with a form of familial
hypertension. WNK1 is at the top of a kinase cascade, leading to phosphorylation of several …

Normal human urine contains large numbers of exosomes, which are 40-to 100-nm vesicles
that originate as the internal vesicles in multivesicular bodies from every renal epithelial cell …

Increasingly, primary hypertension is being considered a syndrome and not a disease, with
the individual causes (diseases) having a common sign—an elevated blood pressure. To …

Potassium is the most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid and it plays a vital role in the
maintenance of normal cell functions. Thus, potassium homeostasis across the cell …

WNK kinases, along with their upstream regulators (CUL3/KLHL3) and downstream targets
(the SPAK/OSR1 kinases and the cation-Cl− cotransporters [CCCs]), comprise a signaling …

The WNK-SPAK/OSR1 kinase complex is composed of the kinases WNK (with no lysine)
and SPAK (SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) or the SPAK homolog OSR1 (oxidative …

Hypertension is an important public health challenge worldwide because of its high
prevalence and the concomitant increase in the risk of cardiovascular-renal disease. 1 …

Sodium (Na+) is the principal osmole in extracellular fluid; as such, the total body content of
Na+ and Cl-, its primary anion, determine the extracellular fluid volume. Renal excretion or …