The occurrence of subsurface karst caves can cause the development of superficial
depressions which, in turn, may pose a construction hazard. Identifying such a substratum …

Establishing sustainable and responsible speleotourism development is a major challenge
and involves complex activities. Adequate theoretical starting point is the application of …

Integrating geomatics remote sensing technologies, including 3D terrestrial laser scanning,
unmanned aerial vehicles, and ground penetrating radar enables the generation of …

The study of karst features under a detrital cover is difficult to obtain using punctual
traditional tools. This paper presents a 3D geostatistical modeling of ERT (Electrical …

The hydrodynamics of karst terrain are highly complex due to the diverse fractures and
reservoirs within limestone formations. The time delay between rainfall events and …

This paper addresses the conservation problems of the cave of Altamira, a UNESCO World
Heritage Site in Santillana del Mar, Cantabria, Spain, due to the effects of moisture and …

This study addresses the features of the internal structure of the geological layers adjacent
to the Polychrome Hall ceiling of the Cave of Altamira (Spain) and their link to the distribution …

It is reasonable to study the destruction and preservation of stone relics from a geo-
environmental point of view. The Tongtianyan Grottoes, known as “the First Grottoes in …

The goal of data classification is to organize them into relevant groups using algorithms. In
this study, two clustering algorithms are applied to classify a set of geophysical …

Because of the great heterogeneity of the limestone fissures, conduits, and reservoirs in
karst areas, the understanding of the infiltration in caves and karst terrains is complicated …