Aerosols interact with radiation and clouds. Substantial progress made over the past 40
years in observing, understanding, and modeling these processes helped quantify the …

Anthropogenic emissions and land use changes have modified atmospheric aerosol
concentrations and size distributions over time. Understanding preindustrial conditions and …

The combustion of fossil fuels produces emissions of the long-lived greenhouse gas carbon
dioxide and of short-lived pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, that contribute to the formation …

New calculations of the radiative forcing (RF) are presented for the three main well‐mixed
greenhouse gases, methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide. Methane's RF is particularly …

Mineral dust aerosols impact the energy budget of Earth through interactions with radiation,
clouds, atmospheric chemistry, the cryosphere and biogeochemistry. In this Review, we …

Clouds and aerosols continue to contribute the largest uncertainty to estimates and
interpretations of the Earth's changing energy budget. This chapter focuses on process …

Black carbon (BC) exerts profound impacts on air quality and climate because of its high
absorption cross-section over a broad range of electromagnetic spectra, but the current …

Uncertainty in the representation of biomass burning (BB) aerosol composition and optical
properties in climate models contributes to a range in modeled aerosol effects on incoming …

Multiphase chemistry plays a vital role in the Earth system, climate, and health. Chemical
reactions, mass transport, and phase transitions between gases, liquids, and solids are …

Within the framework of the AeroCom (Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and
Models) initiative, the state-of-the-art modelling of aerosol optical properties is assessed …