Abstract 3D printed hydrogels have emerged as a novel tissue engineering and
regeneration platform due to their ability to provide a suitable environment for cell growth. To …

The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for clinical purposes has skyrocketed in the past
decade. Their multilineage differentiation potentials and immunomodulatory properties have …

Implantation of stem cells for tissue regeneration faces significant challenges such as
immune rejection and teratoma formation. Cell‐free tissue regeneration thus has a potential …

Abstract 3D-printing and additive manufacturing can be powerful techniques to design
customized structures and produce synthetic bone grafts with multifunctional effects suitable …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing by material extrusion is being widely explored to
prepare patient-specific scaffolds from biodegradable polyesters such as poly (lactic …

Bone tissue, by definition, is an organic–inorganic nanocomposite, where metabolically
active cells are embedded within a matrix that is heavily calcified on the nanoscale …

Understanding the bioelectrical properties of bone tissue is key to develo** new treatment
strategies for bone diseases and injuries, as well as improving the design and fabrication of …

Ta-based materials have gained significant interest for bioimplantable scaffolds because of
their appropriate mechanical characteristics and biocompatibility. To overcome the serious …

The pervasive nature, efficiency, and selectivity as catalysts make enzymes indispensable in
chemical syntheses and drug delivery. Enzyme's use is hindered by their fragile nature and …

Stem cells with mineralized materials have been used for bone regeneration; however,
engineering the complex vascularized structure of the natural bone remains a challenge …