Genomic DNA is folded into loops and topologically associating domains (TADs), which
serve important structural and regulatory roles. It has been proposed that these genomic …

In animals, the sequences for controlling gene expression do not concentrate just at the
transcription start site of genes, but are frequently thousands to millions of base pairs distal …

Genomes have complex three-dimensional architectures. The recent convergence of
genetic, biochemical, biophysical, and cell biological methods has uncovered several …

How enhancers activate their distal target promoters remains incompletely understood. Here
we dissect how CTCF-mediated loops facilitate and restrict such regulatory interactions …

Understanding how chromatin is folded in the nucleus is fundamental to understanding its
function. Although 3D genome organization has been historically difficult to study owing to a …

Epigenetic research has accelerated rapidly in the twenty-first century, generating justified
excitement and hope, but also a degree of hype. Here we review how the field has evolved …

Spatiotemporal gene expression programmes are orchestrated by transcriptional
enhancers, which are key regulatory DNA elements that engage in physical contacts with …

Determining how chromosomes are positioned and folded within the nucleus is critical to
understanding the role of chromatin topology in gene regulation. Several methods are …

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA elements that comprise almost 50% of
mammalian genomic sequence. TEs are capable of making additional copies of themselves …

Studies of 3D chromatin organization have suggested that chromosomes are hierarchically
organized into large compartments composed of smaller domains called topologically …