The innate immune system in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on conserved receptors
and ligands, and pathways that can rapidly initiate the host response against microbial …

Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain (NOD) and leucine‐rich repeat (LRR)‐
containing receptors or NOD‐like receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic pattern recognition …

Inflammasomes are multi‐protein complexes that assemble within the cytoplasm of
mammalian cells in response to pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or …

Pluripotency can be induced in somatic cells by the expression of OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and
MYC. Usually only a rare subset of cells reprogram, and the molecular characteristics of this …

The signalling pathways that maintain primed human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have
been well characterised, revealing a critical role for TGFβ/Activin/Nodal signalling. In …

During early mammalian embryonic development, trophoblast cells play an essential role in
establishing cell–cell interactions at the maternal–fetal interface to ensure a successful …

The trophoblast lineage safeguards fetal development by mediating embryo implantation,
immune tolerance, nutritional supply and gas exchange. Human trophoblast stem cells …

The distinct human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression pattern of human extravillous
trophoblasts (EVT) endows them with unique tolerogenic properties that enable successful …

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive pregnancy disorder with increased risk of maternal and
fetal morbidity and mortality. Abnormal extravillous trophoblast (EVT) development and …

Gestational choriocarcinoma (CC) is an aggressive cancer that develops upon the
occurrence of abnormal pregnancies such as Hydatidiform moles (HMs) or upon non-molar …