Slags are a co-product produced by the steel manufacturing industry and have mainly been
utilised for aggregates in concreting and road construction. The increased utilisation of slag …

Water treatment (WT) is currently among the major areas of research due to the depletion of
water resources and fearmongering regarding environmental pollution, which has …

Although water constitutes 71% of the earth's surface, only 0.3% of it is available as fresh
water for human use. Moreover, the quality of fresh water in ground and surface systems is …

Microbes are omnipresent in the biosphere, and their presence invariably affects the
environment in which they grow. The effects of microbes on their environment can be …

We discuss the roles of microbes in the ecosystem services provided by soils to humans.
The diversity of microbes in soil is enormous and they drive many soil services. We examine …

Metals are common contaminants worldwide. Long-term deposition of metals in soils can
lead to accumulation, transport and biotoxicity/zootoxicity caused by mobility and …

Excessive intake of fluoride (F), mainly through drinking water, is a serious health hazard
affecting humans worldwide. There are several methods used for the defluoridation of …

While F is an essential constituent of some rock-forming minerals such as fluorite and
apatite, its major occurrence in the lithosphere is within hydroxysilicate minerals where F …

Abstract Drinking fluoride (F−)-contaminated water (> 1.5 mg L− 1) causes severe dental
and skeletal disorders. In the central province of Pakistan,∼ 20 times higher levels of F− in …

Cadmium (Cd) is a naturally occurring element present in all soils from both geogenic and
anthropogenic sources. The primary risk pathway to humans is exposure through dietary …