Genomic analysis of many nonmodel species has uncovered an incredible diversity of sex
chromosome systems, making it possible to empirically test the rich body of evolutionary …

Flowering plants exhibit two principal life-history strategies: annuality (living and
reproducing in one year) and perenniality (living more than one year). The advantages of …

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological
characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect …

Plant traits–the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological
characteristics of plants and their organs–determine how primary producers respond to …

The increased availability of genomic and metagenomic data poses challenges at multiple
analysis levels, including visualization of very large-scale microbial and microbial …

Life on Earth has evolved from initial simplicity to the astounding complexity we experience
today. Bacteria and archaea have largely excelled in metabolic diversification, but …

Sex determination in the mosquito Aedes aegypti is governed by a dominant male-
determining factor (M factor) located within a Y chromosome–like region called the M locus …

Although sex is a fundamental component of eukaryotic reproduction, the genetic systems
that control sex determination are highly variable. In many organisms the presence of sex …

Many species groups, including mammals and many insects, determine sex using
heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Diptera flies, which include the model Drosophila …

Many taxa show substantial differences in lifespan between the sexes. However, these
differences are not always in the same direction. In mammals, females tend to live longer …