The hallmarks of cancer conceptualization is a heuristic tool for distilling the vast complexity
of cancer phenotypes and genotypes into a provisional set of underlying principles. As …

During the past recent years, various therapies emerged in the era of breast cancer. Breast
cancer is a heterogeneous disease in which genetic and environmental factors are involved …

Personalized medicine tailors therapies, disease prevention, and health maintenance to the
individual, with pharmacogenomics serving as a key tool to improve outcomes and prevent …

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells, possess remarkable
capability in proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. Their presence is recognized as a …

As the most common human cancer worldwide and continuing to increase in incidence,
basal cell carcinoma is associated with significant morbidity and cost. Continued advances …

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an essential role during vertebrate embryonic
development and tumorigenesis. It is already known that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is …

Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children, and, unfortunately, many
subtypes continue to have a suboptimal long-term outcome. During the last several years …

During the past decade, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been increasingly identified in many
malignancies. Although the origin and plasticity of these cells remain controversial, tumour …

Cell-cell communication through evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways governs
embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Deregulation of these signaling …

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common malignant neoplasm in humans.
BCC is primarily driven by the Sonic Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. However, its phenotypic …